Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a virus that is closely linked with multiple sclerosis (MS).
This virus, which is also known as Human Herpes virus 4, is estimated to affect between 95 to 99% of adults. EBV is one of the most widely studied viruses in the world and is linked to numerous diseases and conditions, including MS and some types of cancer.
What is Epstein-Barr Virus?
Epstein Barr virus is a type of human herpes virus 4 and is a member of the herpesviridae family of viruses, which is related to chickenpox and the herpes simplex viruses. EBV is found worldwide and is one of the most common human viruses. Once an individual has been infected, they will have EBV cells in their bloodstream and saliva, and the virus will remain in their system throughout their life.
How is Epstein Barr Virus Transmitted?
EBV is transmitted primarily through saliva, and can be transferred easily via close contact between people. This can include kissing, sharing eating utensils, or anything that involves close and intimate contact. As already mentioned, almost every adult has been exposed to the virus, so it can be difficult to avoid at times.
What Are the Symptoms of EBV?
The virus is usually asymptomatic, however some people may experience mild symptoms such as fatigue and fever. In more severe cases, the virus can cause infection and can lead to mono, also known as mononucleosis. Symptoms of mononucleosis can range from fever, sore throat, swollen glands and anemia.
How is Epstein Barr Virus Linked to Multiple Sclerosis?
EBV has been studied extensively and is believed to be connected to MS. Studies have found that the level of Epstein Barr Virus antibodies in the blood of someone with MS is much higher than in someone without the condition. It is thought that the virus can be a factor in the development of MS, particularly when the virus activates certain immune cells and interferes with the balance between the different types of attack that the body’s immune system mounts against itself.
Attacks due to EBV Reactivation
A possible link to MS is the idea that Epstein Barr Virus reactivation can lead to bouts or exacerbations of MS. It is thought that when the virus reactivates, it can cause the production of certain chemicals which can make the general state of inflammation in the body worsen. This can lead to an attack or exacerbation of MS which can present itself in the form of neurological symptoms and vision problems.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Because Epstein Barr Virus has been linked to MS, it is important for individuals to be aware that the virus could be a factor in the condition. If a person has symptoms of MS and has a positive EBV antibody test, it is likely that the virus is playing a role in the MS.
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the symptoms, but may include antiviral drugs and other medications such as steroids to help manage the symptoms. Vaccines are also being developed which hope to help prevent the onset of MS, by helping the body develop a better immune response to the virus.
Epstein Barr Virus is a very common virus, with 95-99% of adults estimated to be infected. In some cases it can lead to the development of mononucleosis, which can cause a range of symptoms from fatigue and fever to sore throat and swollen glands.
More importantly, EBV has been linked to multiple sclerosis. It is thought that the virus can be a factor in the development of MS, and that reactivation of the virus can lead to bouts or exacerbations of the condition.
Therefore, it is important for individuals to be aware that the virus could be playing a role in MS, and to get tested if they suspect it might be the case. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of symptoms, and should always be discussed with a healthcare professional.
